Staying hydrated this summer

Summer is just around the corner and with the rising temperatures, staying hydrated becomes more essential than ever; especially for individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. While everyone benefits from proper hydration, individuals with cognitive impairments face unique challenges that can make maintaining fluid levels more difficult. Understanding the benefits of hydration for dementia, the signs of dehydration in dementia, and how to support your loved one can make a huge difference in their comfort and health this summer.

The benefits of hydration for dementia

Water is essential for every cell in the body, including the brain. For people with dementia, staying hydrated can help:

• Enhance concentration and alertness

• Aid healthy kidney and digestive function

• Reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are common in people with dementia and can lead to increased confusion or agitation

• Prevent constipation, a common issue in older adults

• Help body temperature regulation, especially important during hot weather

Adequate hydration can also improve mood and reduce the risk of headaches or dizziness - issues which can further complicate communication and behaviour in those with dementia.

The effects of dehydration

The effects of dehydration can be serious and even life-threatening. In individuals with dementia, dehydration may present differently than in others. Signs of dehydration in dementia can include:

• Increased confusion or sudden changes in behaviour

• Dry mouth or lips

• Dark-coloured urine or infrequent urination

• Fatigue or lethargy

• Dizziness or lack of balance

Since so many people with dementia have difficulty expressing that they are in discomfort or need something, these symptoms can be often overlooked. It's important to monitor closely during hot weather and during any periods of illness.

Why hydration can be difficult for those with dementia and Alzheimer's

Maintaining hydration isn't always easy for people living with dementia. Cognitive decline can interfere with the body's normal thirst signals, and individuals may forget to drink, not recognise when they are thirsty, or even forget how to drink altogether.

Other factors include:

• Difficulty using cups or straws due to mobility or coordination issues

• Refusal to drink due to fear (e.g., not recognizing water or believing it’s unsafe)

• Incontinence concerns leading to intentional avoidance of fluids

• Reduced appetite, which often leads to lower fluid intake overall

This is why caregivers and family members play such a crucial role in encouraging and facilitating hydration throughout the day.

Easy ways to keep hydrated

There are many simple and effective strategies to help ensure your loved one stays hydrated:

• Offer fluids regularly – Don’t wait for them to ask. Offer small amounts frequently throughout the day.

• Make drinks more appealing – Try flavoured water, diluted fruit juice, herbal teas, or even ice lollies made from fruit juice.

• Incorporate high-water foods – Watermelon, cucumber, oranges, soups, and smoothies are all excellent options.

• Use visual cues – Clear or brightly coloured cups can help draw attention to drinks.

• Create a routine – Serving a drink with every meal and snack helps build habits.

• Monitor intake – Keep track of how much they’re drinking and watch for signs of dehydration.

Caring for someone with dementia comes with many challenges, but preventing dehydration is one area where small, consistent efforts can make a significant impact. By staying alert to the signs, understanding the risks, and using practical strategies, you can help ensure your loved one remains healthy, safe, and comfortable during the summer months.